AUTHORS: Aziznejad S, Debarre T, Unser M

IEEE Open Journal of Signal Processing, 3: 140-154, March 2022


ABSTRACT

Beside the minimization of the prediction error, two of the most desirable properties of a regression
scheme are stability and interpretability. Driven by these principles, we propose continuous-domain
formulations for one-dimensional regression problems. In our first approach, we use the Lipschitz constant
as a regularizer, which results in an implicit tuning of the overall robustness of the learned mapping. In
our second approach, we control the Lipschitz constant explicitly using a user-defined upper-bound and
make use of a sparsity-promoting regularizer to favor simpler (and, hence, more interpretable) solutions.
The theoretical study of the latter formulation is motivated in part by its equivalence, which we prove, with
the training of a Lipschitz-constrained two-layer univariate neural network with rectified linear unit (ReLU)
activations and weight decay. By proving representer theorems, we show that both problems admit global
minimizers that are continuous and piecewise-linear (CPWL) functions. Moreover, we propose efficient
algorithms that find the sparsest solution of each problem: the CPWL mapping with the least number of
linear regions. Finally, we illustrate numerically the outcome of our formulations.

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